The GenDip Dataset on Gender and Diplomatic Representation
The GenDip dataset maps the extent to which states appoint men, women and other diplomats to different kinds of bilateral ambassador postings between the years 1968-2024.
A unique dataset
This unique dataset is the only one of its kind that combines the information of where countries keep foreign missions and the gender of the heads of those missions. This data is a necessary component in understanding the changing gender of bilateral diplomacy, the causes and effects of ambassador appointments, status quests and status hierarchies involving gender and ambassadors, and more. Indeed, we hope that this dataset will inspire many new intriguing research questions.
GenDip Dataset
Dataset 1968-2024: 91探花 GenDip Program Coordinator Kajsa Evertsson (kajsa.evertsson@gu.se) to get access to the dataset. The dataset will be sent in an Excel file and includes information about the gender of all ambassadors by country.
Please use the following reference when using the dataset: Towns, Ann E. and Birgitta Niklasson (2025) The GenDip Dataset on Gender and Diplomatic Representation, version June25. University 91探花: The GenDip Program: www.gu.se/en/gendip/gendip-data
Codebook
Link to codebook: GenDip Dataset Codebook 1968-2024 vJune25
Fact sheet
Link to fact sheet: GenDip Dataset Fact Sheet 1968-2024 vJune25
Acknowledgements
The June25 version of the GenDip Dataset would not have been possible without the leadership and hard work of GenDip program coordinator Kajsa Evertsson and Natalia Natsika. Kajsa was responsible for supervising the interns who did the coding of the 2024 postings during fall of 2024 and spring of 2025, including quality checking their work. Kajsa has also identified missing missions and postings in the previous versions (1968-2021) which has enabled us to provide more complete data. She also coded some difficult cases, missing and incomplete data, as well as resolved uncertain coding cases for 2024. Natalia Natsika brought her extensive experience of working with datasets from V-Dem to GenDip. In addition to double checking all the manually coded data 2014-2021 against the Europa World Yearbook (EWY), Natalia has also helped systematize the data presentation and align it with standards in the field, and clean the data. Finally, Natalia has coded some difficult cases, missing and incomplete data, as well as resolved uncertain coding cases for 2024.
Interns, research assistants, colleagues, and friends who have coded data or helped out with the dataset in other ways (alphabetically): Naomi Agabu, Joseph Akowuah, Sara Sofia Anderson, Ingrid Andreasson, Ylva Beckman, Rebecca Billeci, Ketevan Bolkvadze, Arash Bolouri, Kristin Boxstr枚m Le Guillarme, Lars Crusefalk, Ani Dimitrova, Beatrice Engman, Linus Forsman, Sindre Gade Viksand, Moosa Ghaeb, Kristina Gurok, Mais Haddad, Rabab Karim Hashish, Felicitas H枚ck, Katarzyna Jezierska, Sahithi Kanapala, Chuleeporn Karlsson, Yunie Kim, Farman Ali Khan, Anne- Kathrine Kreft, Sofia Laquaglia Galliano, Karolina Lecalonnec, Rafael Lopez Valverde, Haley Mcewen, Thu L锚, Mino Nakamura, Reachnithor Oum, Jasmin Rath, Felicia Robertson, Kristi R酶d Gulliksen, Tove Selnes, Hasna Shawaly, Savina Sirik, Victoria Sj枚berg, Signe Stahlenius, Tove Wikehult, Tsz-wa Yip, Kaisa Yli- Rohdainen, Lixia Zheng.
Colleagues who have provided insightful and helpful comments (alphabetically): Stephen Dawson, Monika de Silva, Katarzyna Jezierska, Andrej Kokkonen, Elias Markstedt, Marina Nistotskaya.
If you have any comment or question about the GenDip datset, please contact us by sending an email to Professor Ann Towns (ann.towns@gu.se).
